Essential Bat Values
Insect-eating bats save farmers approximately $23 billion in annual agricultural losses in the United States alone. Approximately 70 percent of all tropical fruits eaten by humans rely on bats as primary pollinators or seed dispersers in the wild, ranging from bananas and mangoes to peaches, cashews and dates.
Bats and Mosquito Control
Bats are primary predators of the vast numbers of insects that fly at night, and some species consume large numbers of mosquitoes when they are available. However, mosquito control is a complex problem that rarely can be solved by a single approach, be it bat houses or pesticides.
When most people think of pollinators, fluffy bees and beautiful butterflies fluttering around in the afternoon sun, often come to mind. However, one of the most overlooked pollinators has multiple industries relying on them to pollinate their crops during the night shift – bats.
Pesticide Addiction: How Bats Can Help
Following World War II, many farmers suddenly turned to DDT, the first modern pesticide. With great fanfare, it was hailed as a miracle discovery, protector of crops and eradicator of malaria. But such hopes were soon dashed.
Value of Guano Deposits
The importance of protecting guano deposits by limiting human disturbance within caves explained. From the annual conservation issue of National Speleological Society News, published April 2020.
Fun Bat Facts
More than 1,400 kinds of bats account for a fifth of all mammal species, ranging from tiny bumblebee bats, weighing less than a U.S. penny to giant flying foxes with nearly six-foot wingspans.
Selecting a Quality Bat House
Ever since I first introduced the idea of attracting bats to American yards in 1982, one of the most frequently asked questions has been, “Where can I purchase a good bat house?” The next, of course, is “How do I know bats will come?”
The Bat House Guide
The Bat House Guide combines the wisdom of America’s most experienced bat house pioneers and innovative builders worldwide. It is the definitive resource for bat house information. Dr. Tuttle and Danielle Cordani share their findings from surveys of thousands of houses, explaining apparently conflicting results and opinions, and suggesting areas for further experimentation. The book includes builder’s plans, key criteria for success, novel options, suggestions for experimentation, and frequently asked questions.
Bats in Buildings
There are two kinds of problems associated with bats in buildings. The sudden appearance of a lost individual in one’s home or office versus a colony of bats in a wall or attic that causes no immediate problem, but may eventually grow to cause a nuisance, normally limited to odor or noise.
Rabies in Perspective
Millions of tourists have watched free-tailed bat emergences from the Congress Avenue Bridge in Austin, Texas over the past 35 years without anyone ever having been harmed. Signs warn visitors not to handle the bats.
Bat House Warnings – A Reality Check
Observations of heat-stressed, sometimes dead bats associated with bat houses, have led to unfortunate speculation that bat houses can become ecological traps that lure bats to their death. Vendors of such houses defraud customers and threaten the credibility of bat conservation.
Give Bats a Break: Issues Publication in Defense of Bats
Read Merlin’s article, Give Bats a Break, in the Spring 2017 edition of Issues in Science and Technology. This report is based on Merlin’s review of thousands of scientific papers and popular media stories. And it is the first to expose how sensational speculation is fostering bad science in a self-perpetuating cycle of misdirected public health funding that threatens the future of bats. This is an issue that we cannot ignore.
Fear of Bats and its Consequences
Merlin’s Opinion Letter, “Fear of Bats and its Consequences,” published in the Journal of Bat Research and Conservation, traces back how public health exaggerations have dramatically impacted bat conservation from the 1970’s through today. This is a thoroughly documented report on how exaggerated disease claims against bats have harmed bats and efforts to conserve them over the past 47 years—something all who care about bats should know.
Exaggerated Disease Warnings
Merlin has been responding with thoroughly documented reports on how exaggerated disease claims against bats have harmed bats and efforts to conserve them over the past 47 years—something all who care about bats should know. Please use these resources and citations to share the truth about bats.
Rabies in Perspective
Millions of tourists have watched free-tailed bat emergences from the Congress Avenue Bridge in Austin, Texas over the past 35 years without anyone ever having been harmed. Signs warn visitors not to handle the bats.
COVID-19 Impact
Speculation implying that COVID-19 can be transmitted directly between bats and people is unsubstantiated and can lead to inappropriate responses.
Good Intentions Can Leave a Bad Taste
Wrong approaches in defense of bats can be even worse than not defending them at all. As experience has shown, despite good intentions, nothing can threaten bats more than fear.
Bat Parasites in Perspective
Colonial bats can harbor ectoparasites, from bat flies to mites, fleas, and even bed bugs. The good news is that most bat parasites are highly host-specific. Unless they’re starving, they much prefer to remain with their bat hosts. It may also be reassuring to know that disease transmission from bat parasites to humans is exceedingly rare, if it occurs at all. In fact, in a lifetime of studying bats, I’ve never heard of it.
Addressing WNS and COVID-19 Exposure in North American Bats
The policies outlined in the proposal are grounded on practical experience, designed to optimize our resources and streamline our efforts. By shifting our focus toward bat recovery, we can achieve more sustainable and impactful outcomes.
Fear of Bats and its Consequences
Merlin’s Opinion Letter, “Fear of Bats and its Consequences,” published in the Journal of Bat Research and Conservation,traces back how public health exaggerations have dramatically impacted bat conservation from the 1970’s through today. This is a thoroughly documented report on how exaggerated disease claims against bats have harmed bats and efforts to conserve them over the past 47 years—something all who care about bats should know.
White-Nose Syndrome
How to Restore WNS-Depleted Bat Populations
How Cave Disturbance Harms Hibernating Bats
Finding, Protecting and Restoring America’s Historic Bat Caves
WNS Blog Posts
How Disturbance Harms Hibernating Bats
At a time when WNS is forcing increased arousals and high mortality due to premature exhaustion of limited fat reserves, every possible precaution must be taken to minimize disturbance and restore the best possible hibernation conditions.
Wind Energy Resources
Wind Energy Neglecting Bats – Early History
Wildlife and Windfarms: Conflicts and Issues Book Review
Green Energy That Kills Bats
Wind Energy Threat to Bats Growing
Wind Energy: Key Planning Issues
Climate Change and Bats
There is now unequivocal evidence that climate change and associated weather extremes are accelerating at unprecedented rates due to human activities. At the UN Climate Summit in December 2018, Sir David Attenborough warned that “If we don’t take action, the collapse of our civilizations and the extinction of much of the natural world is on the horizon.”
Finding, Protecting, and Restoring America’s Historic Bat Caves
The largest losses of cave-dwelling bats often occur prior to a cave’s discovery by cavers or bat biologists. When looking for bat roosts we simply ask about caves where bats currently live. And too often, those we discover are locations of last resort for bats that have been forced to abandon preferred sites. This presents major problems. The bats we see may be barely surviving in marginal conditions, misunderstood to be good or even ideal. Failure to recognize true needs can lead to disastrous conservation decisions.
How To Restore WNS-Depleted Bat Populations
White-nose syndrome (WNS) is caused by a fungus (Pseudogymnoascus destructans). It has spread rapidly across North America since it apparently arrived from Europe in 2006, and it has killed millions of bats. However, because infected bats can quickly travel long distances, even the best efforts of wildlife managers, biologists, and cavers have failed to prevent its spread from coast to coast.
How I Photograph Bats
“I learned to photograph bats as an act of desperation. If efforts to conserve bats were to succeed, people needed to see them as they naturally are–gentle, inquisitive, even beautiful.”
Advice for Young People Interested in Science and Conservation
Imagine what life would be like if you could find a job that was as much fun as the things you dream about doing on vacation. Not just having fun, but also doing things that would make you proud. Believe it or not that is possible!
Adventures of a Real Batman: 1966-1967
From 1965 to 1968, the Smithsonian Institution, funded by the U.S. Army, set out on an ambitious project to document the mammals of Venezuela and their ectoparasites (fleas, mites, and ticks). It was hoped that such knowledge, collected at varied locations around the world, might save lives in the event of future military activities.
Merlin Tuttle was hired to co-direct the project for the first two years. He arrived in Venezuela with his field team at a time of extreme unrest. Communist insurgents were robbing banks, engaging in gun battles at the national university and killing police in downtown Caracas. Merlin was captured by communist guerillas. One of his first jungle camps was nearly bombed and strafed by Venezuelan marines. And his expedition to the remotest frontier areas had to survive record-breaking floods, an attack from river bandits, and threats from hostile Yanomamö.
Beyond his wild adventures, these two years of fieldwork in Venezuela had enormous impact on Merlin’s understanding of bat needs and values, helping to create the bat conservationist he is today.
2024 © Merlin Tuttle’s Bat Conservation. All rights reserved.
Madelline Mathis has a degree in environmental studies from Rollins College and a passion for wildlife conservation. She is an outstanding nature photographer who has worked extensively with Merlin and other MTBC staff studying and photographing bats in Mozambique, Cuba, Costa Rica, and Texas. Following college graduation, she was employed as an environmental specialist for the Florida Department of Environmental Protection. She subsequently founded the Florida chapter of the International DarkSky Association and currently serves on the board of DarkSky Texas. She also serves on the board of Houston Wilderness and was appointed to the Austin Water Resource Community Planning Task Force.
Michael Lazari Karapetian has over twenty years of investment management experience. He has a degree in business management, is a certified NBA agent, and gained early experience as a money manager for the Bank of America where he established model portfolios for high-net-worth clients. In 2003 he founded Lazari Capital Management, Inc. and Lazari Asset Management, Inc. He is President and CIO of both and manages over a half a billion in assets. In his personal time he champions philanthropic causes. He serves on the board of Moravian College and has a strong affinity for wildlife, both funding and volunteering on behalf of endangered species.
